{"id":6866,"date":"2019-07-31T13:25:10","date_gmt":"2019-07-31T12:25:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.imex-revista.com\/xvi-existencia-sobrenatural-difuntos\/"},"modified":"2021-06-01T12:06:19","modified_gmt":"2021-06-01T11:06:19","slug":"xvi-existencia-sobrenatural-difuntos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.imex-revista.com\/en\/xvi-existencia-sobrenatural-difuntos\/","title":{"rendered":"XVI. Alma Barbosa S\u00e1nchez \u2013 La existencia sobrenatural de los difuntos"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=&#8221;full_width_background&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; bg_image=&#8221;31&#8243; bg_position=&#8221;left top&#8221; bg_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; parallax_bg=&#8221;true&#8221; parallax_bg_speed=&#8221;slow&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; top_padding=&#8221;0&#8243; bottom_padding=&#8221;30&#8243; overlay_strength=&#8221;1&#8243; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; shape_type=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][vc_column_text]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a class=\"nectar-button n-sc-button small accent-color has-icon regular-button\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.imex-revista.com\/download\/6754\/\" data-color-override=\"false\" data-hover-color-override=\"false\" data-hover-text-color-override=\"#fff\"><span>Download Edici\u00f3n<\/span><i class=\"icon-button-arrow\"><\/i><\/a> <a class=\"nectar-button n-sc-button small accent-color has-icon regular-button\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.imex-revista.com\/download\/6776\/\" data-color-override=\"false\" data-hover-color-override=\"false\" data-hover-text-color-override=\"#fff\"><span>Download Art\u00edculo<\/span><i class=\"icon-button-arrow\"><\/i><\/a>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221;][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][divider line_type=&#8221;No Line&#8221; custom_height=&#8221;30&#8243;][vc_column_text]\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #b0b0b0;\">La existencia sobrenatural de los difuntos (pp. 113-124; DOI: 10.23692\/iMex.16.8)<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n[\/vc_column_text][divider line_type=&#8221;No Line&#8221; custom_height=&#8221;80&#8243;][vc_column_text]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><div class=\"ead-preview\"><div class=\"ead-document\" style=\"position: relative;\"><div class=\"ead-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe src=\"\/\/docs.google.com\/viewer?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imex-revista.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F7_ABS_La-existencia-sobrenatural-de-los-difuntos-_iMex16.pdf&amp;embedded=true&amp;hl=en\" title=\"Embedded Document\" class=\"ead-iframe\" style=\"width: 80%;height: 80%;border: none;min-height: 500px;visibility: hidden;\"><\/iframe><\/div>\t\t\t<div class=\"ead-document-loading\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;position:absolute;left:0;top:0;z-index:10;\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ead-loading-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ead-loading-main\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ead-loading\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.imex-revista.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/embed-any-document\/images\/loading.svg\" width=\"55\" height=\"55\" alt=\"Loader\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Loading...<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ead-loading-foot\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ead-loading-foot-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.imex-revista.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/embed-any-document\/images\/EAD-logo.svg\" alt=\"EAD Logo\" width=\"36\" height=\"23\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Taking too long?<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ead-document-btn ead-reload-btn\" role=\"button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.imex-revista.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/embed-any-document\/images\/reload.svg\" alt=\"Reload\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\"\/> Reload document\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>|<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.imex-revista.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/7_ABS_La-existencia-sobrenatural-de-los-difuntos-_iMex16.pdf\" class=\"ead-document-btn\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.imex-revista.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/embed-any-document\/images\/open.svg\" alt=\"Open\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\"\/> Open in new tab\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n[\/vc_column_text][divider line_type=&#8221;No Line&#8221; custom_height=&#8221;80&#8243;][vc_column_text]\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #b0b0b0;\">Alma Barbosa S\u00e1nchez<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #b0b0b0;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-6683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.imex-revista.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sanchez_iMex16-1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"220\" \/><\/span><span style=\"color: #b0b0b0;\">Alma Barbosa S\u00e1nchez is a Professor of Cultural Sociology at Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa.\u00a0 Her more recent publications are the book <em>La estampa y el grabado mexicanos, tradici\u00f3n e identidad cultural<\/em> (Ediciones del Delirio 2015) and the article &#8220;El simbolismo pict\u00f3rico de Remedios Varo&#8221; in <em>Revista Sans Soleil &#8211; Estudios de la Imagen<\/em> (2016).<\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][divider line_type=&#8221;No Line&#8221; custom_height=&#8221;50&#8243;][tabbed_section style=&#8221;default&#8221; alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; tab_color=&#8221;Accent-Color&#8221;][tab icon_family=&#8221;none&#8221; title=&#8221;Abstract&#8221; id=&#8221;1532705295616-59657-6df5&#8243; tab_id=&#8221;1547557827331-10&#8243;][vc_column_text]\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #b0b0b0;\">As in most of Mexico\u2019s contemporary indigenous communities, in Ocotepec, Morelos the funerary culture preserves two primordial postulates of the Mesoamerican religious imaginary: the body-soul duality and the life-death duality. According to the first postulate, the soul of the individual survives the death of the body and, symbolically, remains in the family home for nine days before embarking on a supernatural journey to its rightful place in the afterlife. The funeral honors involve two burial rituals: the first is for the body. Nine days later, it is needed to symbolically place the soul in the body sepulcher <em>post mortem<\/em>. From then on, the ritual imaginary conceives that the soul undertakes a supernatural journey, through hostile territory, where it faces various obstacles and the threat of ferocious animals. However, the soul has the funeral offerings that the living have deposited, in the coffin of the body <em>post mortem<\/em>: provisions of food, water, and clothing, among other items necessary to overcome the obstacles of the supernatural world.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #b0b0b0;\">The postulate of the life-death duality states that both are complementary and mutually feed each other. Every time, living beings feed on the death of other beings. Conversely, death feeds on life. While the living contribute to the supernatural existence of the deceased through constant food offerings; the deceased possess the capacity to contribute to the fertility of the agricultural cycles that are translated into abundant harvests. From their supernatural condition they collaborate in the sustenance of the community. Therefore, through its oral tradition and funerary ritual, the community of Ocotepec celebrates the Mesoamerican worldview that stages the relationship of interdependence and feedback between life and death, body and soul, the material and supernatural world.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #b0b0b0;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/tab][tab icon_family=&#8221;none&#8221; title=&#8221;Resumen&#8221; id=&#8221;1532705295639-39657-6df5&#8243; tab_id=&#8221;1547557827370-1&#8243;][vc_column_text]\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #b0b0b0;\">Como en la mayor parte de las comunidades ind\u00edgenas contempor\u00e1neas de M\u00e9xico, en Ocotepec, Morelos, la cultura funeraria preserva dos postulados primordiales del imaginario religioso mesoamericano: la dualidad cuerpo\/\u00e1nima y la dualidad vida\/muerte. De acuerdo al primer postulado, el \u00e1nima del individuo sobrevive a la muerte del cuerpo y, simb\u00f3licamente, permanece nueve d\u00edas en el hogar familiar, antes de emprender un viaje sobrenatural al lugar que le corresponde en el m\u00e1s all\u00e1. Los honores funerarios involucran dos rituales de entierro: el primero corresponde al cuerpo. Nueve d\u00edas despu\u00e9s, corresponde emplazar simb\u00f3licamente el \u00e1nima en el sepulcro del cuerpo <em>post mortem<\/em>. A partir de entonces, el imaginario ritual concibe que el \u00e1nima emprende un viaje sobrenatural, por un territorio hostil, donde afronta diversos obst\u00e1culos y la amenaza de feroces animales. No obstante, el \u00e1nima cuenta con el ajuar funerario que los vivientes han depositado, en el ata\u00fad del cuerpo <em>post mortem<\/em>: provisiones de alimentos, agua, y vestimentas, entre otros elementos necesarios para vencer los obst\u00e1culos del mundo sobrenatural.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #b0b0b0;\">El postulado de la dualidad vida\/muerte plantea que ambas son complementarias y se retroalimentan mutuamente. Toda vez que los seres vivos se alimentan de la muerte de otros seres. De manera inversa, la muerte se alimenta de la vida. Si los vivientes contribuyen a la existencia sobrenatural de los difuntos mediante constantes ofrendas de alimentos; los difuntos poseen la capacidad de contribuir a la fertilidad de los ciclos agr\u00edcolas que se traducen en abundantes cosechas. Desde su condici\u00f3n sobrenatural colaboran en el sustento de la comunidad. Por ende, a trav\u00e9s de su tradici\u00f3n oral y su ritualidad funeraria, la comunidad de Ocotepec celebra la cosmovisi\u00f3n mesoamericana que escenifica la relaci\u00f3n de interdependencia y retroalimentaci\u00f3n entre: la vida y la muerte, el anima y el cuerpo, el mundo material y sobrenatural. \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #b0b0b0;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/tab][tab icon_family=&#8221;none&#8221; title=&#8221;iMex N\u00b016 | M\u00e9xico espectral&#8221; id=&#8221;1532705295697-49657-6df5&#8243; tab_id=&#8221;1547557827412-1&#8243;][vc_column_text]\n<a class=\"nectar-button n-sc-button small see-through-2 has-icon\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.imex-revista.com\/en\/xvi-editorial\/\" data-color-override=\"#ffffff\" data-hover-color-override=\"false\" data-hover-text-color-override=\"#fff\"><span>Alberto Ribas-Casasayas - Editorial<\/span><i class=\"icon-button-arrow\"><\/i><\/a>\n<a class=\"nectar-button n-sc-button small see-through-2 has-icon\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.imex-revista.com\/en\/xvi-breaking-silences-revealing-ghosts\" data-color-override=\"#ffffff\" data-hover-color-override=\"false\" data-hover-text-color-override=\"#fff\"><span>Amanda Petersen \u2013 Breaking Silences and Revealing Ghosts<\/span><i class=\"icon-button-arrow\"><\/i><\/a>\n<a class=\"nectar-button n-sc-button small see-through-2 has-icon\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.imex-revista.com\/en\/xvi-haunted-bodies-female-migrant\/\" data-color-override=\"#ffffff\" data-hover-color-override=\"false\" data-hover-text-color-override=\"#fff\"><span>Olivia Cosentino \u2013 Haunted Bodies<\/span><i class=\"icon-button-arrow\"><\/i><\/a>\n<a class=\"nectar-button n-sc-button small see-through-2 has-icon\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.imex-revista.com\/en\/xvi-espectros-feminicidio\" data-color-override=\"#ffffff\" data-hover-color-override=\"false\" data-hover-text-color-override=\"#fff\"><span>Elizabeth Villalobos \u2013 Espectros del feminicidio<\/span><i class=\"icon-button-arrow\"><\/i><\/a>\n<a class=\"nectar-button n-sc-button small see-through-2 has-icon\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.imex-revista.com\/en\/xvi-necroescrituras-fantologicas\/\" data-color-override=\"#ffffff\" data-hover-color-override=\"false\" data-hover-text-color-override=\"#fff\"><span>Roberto Cruz Arzabal \u2013 Necroescrituras fantol\u00f3gicas<\/span><i class=\"icon-button-arrow\"><\/i><\/a>\n<a class=\"nectar-button n-sc-button small see-through-2 has-icon\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.imex-revista.com\/en\/xvi-espectralidad-cibernetica\/\" data-color-override=\"#ffffff\" data-hover-color-override=\"false\" data-hover-text-color-override=\"#fff\"><span>David Dalton \u2013 Una espectralidad cibern\u00e9tica<\/span><i class=\"icon-button-arrow\"><\/i><\/a>\n<a class=\"nectar-button n-sc-button small see-through-2 has-icon\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.imex-revista.com\/en\/xvi-darknetworks-pathogens\" data-color-override=\"#ffffff\" data-hover-color-override=\"false\" data-hover-text-color-override=\"#fff\"><span>Carmen Serrano \u2013 Dark Networks and Pathogens<\/span><i class=\"icon-button-arrow\"><\/i><\/a>\n<a class=\"nectar-button n-sc-button small see-through-2 has-icon\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.imex-revista.com\/en\/xvi-existencia-sobrenatural-difuntos\/\" data-color-override=\"#ffffff\" data-hover-color-override=\"false\" data-hover-text-color-override=\"#fff\"><span>Alma Barbosa S\u00e1nchez \u2013 La existencia sobrenatural de los difuntos<\/span><i class=\"icon-button-arrow\"><\/i><\/a>\n<a class=\"nectar-button n-sc-button small see-through-2 has-icon\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.imex-revista.com\/en\/xvi-convergencia-voces-hnahnu\/\" data-color-override=\"#ffffff\" data-hover-color-override=\"false\" data-hover-text-color-override=\"#fff\"><span>Milvet Alonso \u2013 Convergencia de voces h\u00f1\u00e4h\u00f1u<\/span><i class=\"icon-button-arrow\"><\/i><\/a>\n<a class=\"nectar-button n-sc-button small see-through-2 has-icon\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.imex-revista.com\/en\/xvi-jewish-belonging-mourning\/\" data-color-override=\"#ffffff\" data-hover-color-override=\"false\" data-hover-text-color-override=\"#fff\"><span>Charlotte Gartenberg \u2013 Jewish Belonging and Mourning<\/span><i class=\"icon-button-arrow\"><\/i><\/a>\n<a class=\"nectar-button n-sc-button small see-through-2 has-icon\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.imex-revista.com\/en\/xvi-resenas\" data-color-override=\"#ffffff\" data-hover-color-override=\"false\" data-hover-text-color-override=\"#fff\"><span>Reviews<\/span><i class=\"icon-button-arrow\"><\/i><\/a>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/tab][\/tabbed_section][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row type=&#8221;full_width_background&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; bg_image=&#8221;31&#8243; bg_position=&#8221;left top&#8221; bg_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; parallax_bg=&#8221;true&#8221; parallax_bg_speed=&#8221;slow&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; top_padding=&#8221;0&#8243; bottom_padding=&#8221;30&#8243; overlay_strength=&#8221;1&#8243; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; shape_type=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][vc_column_text] [\/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221;&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":13217,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[580,1,1384],"tags":[1396,1334,1404,1403,1402,1333],"class_list":["post-6866","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-issues","category-uncategorized","category-xvi-spectral-mexico","tag-alma-barbosa-sanchez-en","tag-anima","tag-body-soul-duality","tag-life-death-duality","tag-rituality","tag-vida"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>XVI. 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